USEC Capital Budgeting Case Questions

In one passage (max 5 sentences), depict the general circumstance looked by USEC: USEC is the lead provider of improved uranium, which is utilized to fuel atomic reactors. Because of a terminating contract with a force provider, the creation of Uranium fuel turned out to be over the top expensive at the present Paducah plant. USEC made another plant called APC trying to propel innovation and become the minimal effort makers in the Uranium business. Mackovjak is a money related expert entrusted with the assessment of USEC. So as to appropriately esteem USEC, Mackovjak needs to assess APC and their commitments to USEC.2) What is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital for USEC in July 2006? (Accept the normal profit for the market is around 11%)WACC= .10703We determined a = .134 which we determined utilizing the normal return condition: . Our condition appeared to be like this: For the value we accepted the quantity of offers remarkable for 2006 which was 86.1 million *10.8 (cost per shar e) 930 million The obligation was given in the capital economic situations at 475 million (making D+E equivalent 1405 million) For we utilized the respect development, which was given at 0.0904 The assessment rate was evaluated dependent on the 2005 information to be approximately 40 percent.3) After deciding the applicable Cash Flows for the task, what is the NPV? *FCF were determined in the exceed expectations spreadsheetWe were utilizing a $20 fixed cost because of an understanding for the Uranium anyway this changed as the understanding terminated and we were required to purchase Uranium at showcase cost. Sales= (Production *SWU price)Cash Costs= (Production of APC* Market cost )+ (Production of APC* Enrichment costs) *When APC got useful, improvement costs were diminished considerably Non Cash Costs= DepreciationCurrent assets= production* stock (this was just utilized in 2012) Market price* creation (was utilized for 2013 and after) Current liabilities= 1 % of DOE for introduc tory research of axis innovation Net working capital= ebb and flow resources †ebb and flow liabilities (we found the change in Networking capital) Operating money flow= S-C(1-T)+TDChanged in fixed asset= capital expenditureWe utilized these qualities to compute a future income utilizing the condition: FCF= working income - increment in systems administration capital - increment in fixed assets.In request to discover the NPV of the venture we took the FCF from ACP alone. We needed to perceive that the rent on Paducah was not related with ACP, anyway a one percent eminence was included to current liabilities the ACP anticipating. So as to check our underlying estimation we thought about the systems administration capital of the APC task to 5% of deals that was suggested by another investigator Craig Weise. Consistently the worth was sure or more 5% fortifying our choice that USEC will take on the undertaking. In light of our determined NPV of the venture we established that APC w ould return 2,020,167,627 dollars.The cost of the task is 1.7 billion so the distinction consequently and cost is a positive 320,167,627 dollars. In this way USEC will take on the venture and accordingly the organization is underestimated. Mackovjak, the budgetary examiner, seeing that the organization is underestimated should pitch to upper administration they should take a long situation in USEC.From the prospectus: â€Å"Write-ups ought to act naturally contained Word archives, running 2-3 pages or less, including displays. Separate spreadsheets containing unique estimations ought to be connected to the email, however displays ought to be set inside the Word record, not left to be discovered some place in the spreadsheet.† Please adjust to these show desires in future reviews. Regarding your spreadsheet:For Paducah, the CFs demonstrated would be insignificant, as â€Å"with ACP, Paducah works in 2006-2010, and without ACP, Paducah works in 2006-2010†, so Paducah CFs immaterial to ACP valuation in 2006-2010. In any case, important to appraise from 2006-2010, with the goal that when lost 2011-2025, Paducah CFs areâ already heightened and effectively admirable. In such manner, all CFs to the NPV calc are excessively high as you have included superfluous 2006-2010 CFs for Paducah, yet more critically, have overlooked all Paducah CFs lost from 2011-2025 as recommended by the case remarks given in class the earlier day to case discussion.Further, your Paducah OCF configuration of (S-C)(1-T)+TD should just contain money costs in â€Å"C† and your spreadsheet shows that â€Å"C† contains Capital Expenditures. Capital Expenditures is ALWAYS outside of OCF, with (S-C)(1-T)+TD †ChgNWC †Yearly CapEx., which you do, subsequently viably twofold deducting for CapEx. You didn't return NWC toward the finish of the project.For ACP, Uranium Costs are essentially ZERO in your valuation after 2012. This blunder SEVERELY disparages expenses , and overestimates FCF and subsequently NPV. Further, in your â€Å"double 2011† technique, a Uranium cost of $21? Where is this from? For Depreciation in ACP, you are utilizing Depreciation for Paducah (Old), not the Capitalized Plant Bldg costs. Further, your examination doesn't appear to incorporate the $1.7b cost anyplace, other than in the content of this record where you obviously take a t=0 PVCF and deduct sums that total to $1.7b, however happen across 5 years (in this way overlooking limiting of the capital expenses, and remembering 100m of a sunk expense for your NPV). At last, your strategy of PV’g doesn't utilize the spreadsheet viably. Similarly as with any hard number passage, in the event that you needed to change this, you would have a huge undertaking in front of you.Please consider utilizing capacities, or at any rate utilizing conditions that allude to a solitary cell containing WACC, and consecutive cells containing 1,2,3, and so on for â€Å"Tâ⠂¬ . By and large, an accommodation with numerous blunders; some not out of the ordinary, and some that have all the earmarks of being unexplained or work conceivably done too rapidly without audit. I would particularly recommend that you use FAR less hard numbers in the spreadsheet figurings, and design a greater amount of the expected qualities as discrete cell sections (the expense rate, the UrRawMatls amount, the SunkCost, the WACC). On the off chance that you at any point needed to return and change a portion of these things, it is far simpler to transform one cell than attempt to recall ALL phones that contained the hard number section.

Intellectual Capital

The serious market and the quick changes that happen nearly dither expect association to remain side by side with learning and adjustment. The need to get the correct work force whether through enlisting or preparing is urgent in achieving the objectives of an association. The journey to amass the fundamental mastery required in the different pieces of the association has become an every day make progress toward administrators due to the requests of the consumer.According to Duncan (1 979), there are interior natural segments that should be fulfilled relying upon a specific instructional exercise particular so as the yield will adjust to the important desires. The piece of an association stays basic to the acknowledgment of objectives and accomplishing the desires for partners. In supporting upper hand, the need to recognize, upgrade, and appropriate the center abilities or the information on an association is basic (Passer and Rene, 2011).The information or mastery expected to run a n association should be made accessible whether inside or by obtaining outside assistance. Inside, instructing, preparing and predictable oversight can move Information starting with one individual then onto the next and that must be made as a feature of the business culture. The information one accomplishes through long periods of experience at work can be supposed to be significant, Xx (2013) shares that, individuals are invested with various characteristics and as such specific consideration must be paid to human asset particularly in this information based economy.It is accordingly basic for associations to create instruments that will hold representatives with information that is Inherent. The information and the aptitudes of an individual or the aggregate mental ability f laborers In an association joined with the capacity of the firm to make, gather, organize, recover, influence, and team up structures the premise of Intellectual capital (Guppy and Sporadic, 2013). There can be various cluster of aptitudes, ability and information over a given association because of the distinctions in the sort of work one is doled out to or the office a worker belongs.Employees need to meet set occupation prerequisites so as to be employed in any case, notwithstanding, the changes and adjustment of every individual Is extraordinary and with time the degree of information fifers dependent on one's ablest. Meaning of Intellectual Capital According to Stewart (1997), there are three types of scholarly capital; the human capital includes aptitudes, skills, and capacities of people and groups.This kind of capital relates legitimately with an individual's information or ability whether procured at work or specialized mastery from exceptional preparing. The human capital in this way Is Inherent and associations will most likely be unable to guarantee proprietorship. A case of human capital is relational aptitudes, this might be recorded as a center fitness of a reticular posi tion, however the level of how every individual displays may contrast and as such there will be workers considered as star entertainers with regards to that.Transferring such capital is an assignment on its own sense it accepts the assent just as the capacity to convey viably by the person. While human capital arrangements the organization, for example, licenses, copyrights, and trademarks, forms, strategies, models, reports, PC systems and programming (Steward, 1997). This can be supposed to be substantial information and the association can depend in the execution of their key plans. Client capital arrangements with the worth an associations put on associations with providers, partners, and clients (Steward, 1997).The picture and notoriety of associations can be estimated utilizing connections it has worked throughout the years and the exceptional it puts on client assistance. Job In evaluating scholarly capital, there is nobody size fits all since associations change in their acc entuation due to their past, the market, and their methodology to accomplish their objectives. The elements of the worldwide economy with the fast changes and headway of innovation makes scholarly capital a significant factor for the accomplishment of an organization.Employing the various pieces of a scholarly capital as a key framework in an association can work as the antecedent to managing outside changes that may affect the business. As expressed over, the three pieces of scholarly capital when overseen can assisted with issues from, worker preparing and that is using the human segment, fabricating a solid culture through auxiliary adherence and overseeing client base and accomplishing the objectives of the association with the orderly profitability.Daisies (2013) in characterizing scholarly UAPITA expressed that, associations utilize the properties of the scholarly capital as an asset to make sure about upper hand, and make Focusing on the scholarly capital of an association ca n improve the advancement of a skillful workforce which has the limit with respect to activity and innovativeness. So inside, this gives the association the territory to put more as far as advancement or getting it to wanted levels. Remotely, the administration of scholarly capital complies with changes in showcase and the open impression of the picture of association (Daisies, 2013).There s in this manner a noteworthy worth that can be surveyed for an association's scholarly capital which will relate to the position and how speculators settle on choice about the association. The capacity to have a quantitative incentive to scholarly capital as a benefit drives the upper hand in the commercial center. Worth Even however the term has been there for a considerable length of time (since the sass's), the serious worldwide market realized by the progressions of the financial pointers from an agrarian to an information or data based economy has made scholarly capital more significant now than ever.According to Guppy and Sporadic (2013), the possibility that the information vault of an association is the main impetus behind its capacity to endure, develop, and support its upper hand in the worldwide commercial center has a long rich history. Be that as it may, scholarly capital is presently observed as key zone where imagination, advancements are borne to support the seriousness of the association. Learning Organization The procedure of an association to accomplish its strategic objectives relies upon a few factors.The bearing of an association to stay serious given the market may just for a part of information the executives that is scholarly capital. The utilization of scholarly suggests the organization of HR, data innovation, business procedure and representatives support so as to move the basic encounters over the organization (Be]inurn and larches, 2011). The onus is on perceive with unmistakable jobs for such exchange to occur. The obligation of encouraging th is data sharing can be Herculean since it needs the up front investment of the said individual and furthermore the ability to show others.Conclusion The dynamism of the present world, for example, high client desires, calls for associations to remain side by side with changes in innovation and advancement of new serious thoughts, with a workforce that has the right stuff and information to adjust these changes. This idea of scholarly capital which advances imagination and development is appealing to current associations as a result of the worth it acquires correlation with the opposition. The platitude that information is influence is without a doubt showed with different instruments been set up by associations to enhance beneficiary workforce to remain on the ball. Scholarly Capital The finish of the twentieth section Is related with the birth off new point of view toward nature and science, that brings individuals somewhat closer to nature, a science that makes human insight and inventively a statement of a central pattern known to mankind. Considering this new point of view on the economy and on the general public that depends on information, educator Quash from London School of Economics says that we experience a daily reality such that centers around the financial estimation of immaterial resources. Along these lines, thoughts worth billions, while the items despite everything cost less.The society of the third thousand years has representatives who are significant due to theirs information. I n a significant number of these organizations, the worth doesn't comprise of unmistakable resources, yet of the impalpable ones. Scholarly capital is the consolidated impalpable resources which empower the organization to work successfully Judging from the data previou sly gave, the article centers around the job of scholarly capital in the new economy. I picked this theme since we are observers to the way that the structure and dynamic procedures of riches age are changing dramatically.In such a domain conventional techniques are Inadequate, along these lines I imagine that It Is Interesting however at the name time indispensable to discover new strategies. Not least what Is Important from my perspective is that individuals are viewed as the fundamental asset in all divisions, which implies 2. Meaning of scholarly capital Since hierarchical information is at the essence of practical upper hand, the blossoming field of scholarly capital is an energizing zone for the two analysts and practitioners.Intellectual capital is conceptualized from various orders making the field a mosaic of points of view. Bookkeepers are keen on the most proficient method to quantify it on the asset report, data technologists need to classify it n frameworks, sociologist s need to offset influence with it, clinicians need to create minds as a result of it, human asset supervisors need to compute a ROI on it, and preparing and advancement officials need to ensure that they can manufacture it .Intellectual capital is information that can be abused for some cash making or other helpful reason. The term joins the possibility of the astuteness or intellectual prowess with the monetary idea of capital, the sparing of entitled advantages so they can be put resources into creating more merchandise and services.Intellectual c

Minimum Wage in the United States Essay Essay Example

The lowest pay permitted by law in the United States Essay Example The lowest pay permitted by law in the United States Essay The lowest pay permitted by law in the United States Essay An insignificant compensation is the least hourly. everyday. or then again regularly scheduled compensation that businesses may legally pay to representatives or laborers. The contention over negligible compensation in the United States has been continuous for more than 100 mature ages. It is a hot subject in labor. human association. furthermore, especially in monetary sciences. Is the negligible compensation exorbitantly low? Is it unreasonably high? Would it be a good idea for us to hold one by any stretch of the imagination? Does holding a negligible legitimate compensation help the individuals what it's identity is proposed to help. or then again does it truly do them more regrettable off? Thesiss requests are asked on an everyday balance by invested individuals. While there may non be one unequivocal right answer. there are obliging articulations on the two sides of the issue. also, the individuals who speak to their â€Å"side† are enthusiastic about their opinions. This is one of a couple of cultural subjects about which individuals are all things considered non passionless. A great part of the adult work power in the United States has worked an insignificant compensation occupation sooner or later in their calling. so we can simple partner to the difficulties that face today’s negligible compensation laborers. This paper is non planned to work out the contention over insignificant compensation. nor will it attempt to convey the peruser in one manner or the other sing what ought to be finished refering negligible compensation. The pages that follow will show a concise history of the insignificant compensation contention in the United States. thus show a portion of the announcements offered by the two sides of the contention. A Brief History of Minimum Wage Although New Zealand was the principal state to authoritatively appoint insignificant compensation rule law in 1896. [ one ] the United States was one of the primary major industrialized states to put a national compensation floor for their laborers. For decennaries during the modern unrest. laborers in the United States suffered workplaces that comprised of extended periods of time. perilous working conditions. furthermore, low rewards. Little movements to build up a national lower limit pay by work fellowships and activist gatherings were met with unsurprising resistance from concern individuals. lastly struck somewhere near the U. S. Preeminent Court. [ two ] Finally. in 1938 President Roosevelt and Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act. This demonstration was expected to diminish a portion of the hapless hands on conditions that to a great extent grown-up females and youthful children were proficient to. Also. this demonstration forced a governmentally ordered insignificant compensation of $ 0. 25 for every hr. with certain avoidances. [ three ] There have been ensuing bits of resolution law that keep on going to and better workers’ rights since that cut. focusing more on personal satisfaction issues rather than smothering abuses by managers. Furthermore. single regions currently reserve the option to appoint their ain negligible compensation. insofar as it is no lower than the governmentally ordered negligible compensation. Since 1938. the national lower limit pay has been raised multiple times. generally late in 2009. also, is directly $ 7. 25 for each hr. Today. more than 90 % of states known to mankind have a compensation floor for their work power. [ four ] The Case for Minimum Wage Those for a negligible compensation contend that it expands the basis of life of laborers and lessens destitution. [ 5 ] Those laborers that are paid insignificant compensation are untalented workers. conceivably first come ining the occupation showcase. With no attractive achievements. the specialist needs some security that they will be paid a simply rate that will empower them to act naturally getting the job done until such clasp that they have taken in an achievement or exchange that will let them to stir their way up from the low compensation occupations. Without a negligible compensation. businesses would hold fundamentally more market power than the laborers †a monopsony †and that could follow in the knowing agreement between bosses sing the compensation they will offer. [ six ] Absent this assurance. laborers would be compelled to acknowledge the unnaturally low rewards. following in a truly low personal satisfaction. Furthermore. the announcement can be made that paying a â€Å"livable† negligible compensation boosts laborers to non only gain an occupation. in any case, to make a solid effort to keep up that occupation. At the point when insignificant prizes are altogether more prominent than installments got through a cultural open help framework. individuals are compensated for their troublesome work. In the event that an individual could have an entirety close to what they would pick up at lower limit pay through the open help framework. what thought process would they hold to work the insignificant compensation occupation? Interestingly. on the off chance that laborers are paid a whole that is well more. they will occur and look after work. This serves another expectation. to lessen the expense of specialists controlled cultural open help designs by getting individuals off of open help and onto paysheets. Another regular articulation made by those for the negligible compensation is that it truly assists with energizing payment. bettering generally speaking monetary conditions. [ seven ] The hypothesis behind this announcement is that low compensation workers regularly spend all that they make. Regardless of whether on necessities or extravagance focuses. insignificant compensation workers are probably going to pass their full finance check. In the event that there were an expansion in the insignificant compensation. the individuals who might have the pay expansion would pivot and pass their new cash. This would help to take care of the expenses of the expanded awards the same number of concerns would see an about prompt return through expanded gross incomes. While this announcement appears to do detect. it must be explained that no observational grounds to back up this case could be found. Another announcement made is that an expansion in insignificant compensation assists with bettering the work moral rule of the individuals who get the expansion. The conclusion is that if their manager is compelled to give them an ascent. they will be constrained to work more diligently to better their proficiency and increment their productiveness consequently. Once more. there is no grounds to either bolster or discredit this case. what's more, feelings run solid sing this announcement. Conceivably the most essential and most much of the time offered expression on the side of a national lower limit pay law is that it is only the correct thing to make. ethically talking. The idea that we should want to take consideration of one another and do sure that everybody made a comfortable compensation is one of the most essential creeds of the precept of the individuals who bolster it. Contentions against Minimum Wage Laws: On the opposite side of the announcement are the individuals who are against expanding as far as possible compensation. each piece great as some who might suspect it ought to be nullified completely. Numerous representatives and financial specialists are on this side of the contention. furthermore, they present some sensibly convincing articulations. They contend that implementing an expansion on the governmentally commanded insignificant compensation truly will make more financial injury than great. [ eight ] The central proclamation exchanges with the snap of interest sing business. An insignificant compensation expansion truly decreases the measure requested of laborers. either through a lessening in the figure of hours worked by people. or on the other hand through a lessening in the figure of occupations. nine ] Simply put. businesses are likely non heading out to expand their pay spending plan. so if the hourly rewards expansion. so they should chop down the figure of long stretches of work that they are paying for. This could follow in the specific inverse effect of that which is proposed. Those picking up the insignificant compensation and are going up against diminished hours or in any event, being let travel will happen themselves much more terrible off as a result of an expansion than go forthing it at its present rate. Moreover. often the way out of increasing negligible compensation is through achievements learned through those insignificant compensation occupations. On the off chance that there are less of these occupations as an outcome of the compensation being higher. less individuals will have the option to larn the achievements expected to go up on a considering way and interfere with the cadence of poverty. Second. in the event that businesses are reluctant or incapable to chop down the figure of hours they pay their workers. they will simply attempt to do up the expanded pay disbursal through expanded money related qualities. On somewhat graduated table. this may non hold a major effect on the general financial framework. At the point when this is done on a major graduated table in light of the fact that numerous businesses need to take care of their expanded expenses. this is probably going to take to rising costs. x ] Higher wages require higher financial qualities which will chew most if non the entirety of the advantages of the expansion in wage. The negligible compensation laborers will hold a similar buying power as prior. but since of unneeded rising costs. the lower in the middle of classification will truly stand up to the greatest effect on the grounds that their prizes will non hold expanded however their purchasing force will other than hold disintegrated. Another nation that might be affected by an ordered compensation expansion is creating. As most specialists who gain as far as possible compensation normally have little guidance and arrangement. their greatest chance to work their way into a more lucrative occupation is through on the occupation arrangement. One part of an employer’s spending that could go up against cuts would be for providing planning to workers. Regularly bosses give creating to their workers that would help them progress in their calling. be that as it may, may non be entirely vital in their present spot. Pointless disbursals, for example, this will most likely be cut. following in less possibilities for the hands on hapless. [ eleven ] Possibly the least difficult proclamation is if an insignificant compensation specialist is bring forthing $ 4. 00 for each hr worth of product. thus the government lower limit pay is raised to $ 5. 0. the business must happen a way to build the laborers fringy productiveness or face working loses because of underproductive representatives. One closing thought from resistances is that one time the entirety of the previously mentioned articulations are thought of. there are progressively solid methods of helping go to the is

Dialogue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Exchange - Essay Example The discussion advances as they banter about the mentalities wild in the general public in regards to long range interpersonal communication locales. Goffman: The furor isn't simply constrained to the young. Grown-ups are similarly associated with the proclamation of this pattern. The majority of my partners at my office are frequently utilizing these destinations during their leisure time. Truth be told, I have seen some of them so fixated on them that they keep them opened in the Internet program in any event, when they are dealing with office assignments. Giddens: Yes, valid yet what flabbergasts me the most is their unexpected when they discover that I am not an individual from any long range informal communication site. I have frequently wound up in warmed discussions with them and to be straightforward companions, this has given me some intriguing bits of knowledge into their observations about social association. I am distrustful at the clarifications that they bring to the table with regards to these destinations and how they help them mingle. Bauman: I have experienced a similar disposition at my working environment also. Long range informal communication locales are viewed as the sacred goal of digital socialization. My partners who don't have any acquaintance with me well frequently misconstrue me for being unsocial and traditionalist for not having a profile on these destinations. Companions, this came as an amazement to me when I previously heard this view yet individuals respect these destinations to be a generally excellent method of encouraging kinships with associates and becoming more acquainted with others well. This has persuaded that person to person communication destinations have totally changed the manner in which individuals see companionship. Bauman: In my view, it is the idea of fluid life and fluid innovation that is the hidden reason for such a demeanor move. Fluid life and fluid advancement are complicatedly attached to one another. Fluid life is the existence that one has in a fluid present day society. For me, a fluid current society is one where individuals don't get time to create propensities. It is normal for conditions under which individuals

Non-Educational Electronic Devices in Schools Essay - 1925 Words

Non-Educational Electronic Devices in Schools (Essay Sample) Content: Policy to Ban Use of Cell Phones and other Non-Educational Electronic Devices in SchoolName Institution Policy to Ban Use of Cell Phones and other Non-Educational Electronic Devices in SchoolWith the advent of information technology, there have been major developments in several spheres of human life. Education is one area that has witnessed positive changes as a result of easy and quick access to information. For instance, online libraries and academic databases provide convenient and reliable access to learning material. In addition, online platforms, some of which can be integrated to mobile phones, allow learners to share information, discuss educational issues, as well as seek assistance from instructors. However, there is one aspect of the application of information technology in education that has raised concerns for its interference with student engagement. Mobile phones, which are widely considered basic gadgets for communication, are being used by students i n ways that interfere with classroom learning and threaten the integrity of learner assessment. Regarding classroom learning, ringing mobile phones cause distractions, while texting and playing games consumes learners time. With respect to the integrity of learner assessment, students can use mobile phones to cheat by texting each other answers or using mobile Internet to search for answers. In this regard, there is need to formulate and implement relevant policies aimed at restricting the use of mobile phones at school. This move will ensure that learners do not waste time playing games and texting each other, reduce disturbances during learning hours, as well as minimize cheating incidences during exams. The first step in using policies to effect institutional change is identifying a problem that needs to be addressed. The issue of mobile phones in schools is controversial because it has both merits and demerits. If put into good use, mobile phones, iPods, cameras, and other non-e ducational gadgets can facilitate learning by enabling students and teachers to communicate, access, and store information related to syllabus material. Research is a key function in learning, and mobile phones with Internet capabilities can greatly promote learners engagement in research by allowing them to access online academic sources. In addition, learners can record lectures that they can listen to at their own pace, which can greatly increase their understanding of the course material and classroom learning activities. Moreover, students may use their phones to take pictures related to what they are learning, such as illustrations of the digestive system for a biology class, or maps for a geography class. In this consideration, banning the use of mobile phones and other non-educational electronic devices, but which may be used for educational purposes, seems to be retrogressive to learning and a hindrance to faster dissemination of knowledge. However, the problem in allowing these devices in school is the difficulty in controlling their use. Assuming that each child comes to school with a non-educational electronic device, it will be impossible for teachers to monitor how each students uses his or her gadget. This is especially the case in Canada, where children as young as 10 years old own mobile phones. According to a survey carried out early 2014 by the non-profit organization MediaSmarts, 40 percent of children in grades four through six own mobile phones, while the rate was over 90 percent for older students (grade 11) (Oliveira, 2014). The astounding finding, however, is the use into which the students put their phones. Of the 5, 436 students who were interviewed, 59 percent reported that they used their phones to play games, 52 percent said they used them to keep updated on social media, while 51 percent used their phones to download music and movies. These statistics indicate that students use mobile phones and the Internet in activities unrelat ed to learning more than they use them for educational purposes. In the MediaStart survey, Wikipedia was the least visited site. Accordingly, there is sufficient justification for the banning of mobile phones and non-educational electronic devices in schools because they encourage students to engage in non-academic activities. Other studies have shown that when used for academic purposes, phones, such as those equipped with cameras, are used for cheating by allowing students to take pictures of exam questions and sending them to other students or persons outside the school to get the answers. According to a research in the U.S. by Common Sense Media, an education company based in San Francisco, more than a third of school-going teenagers use mobile phones to cheat in exams (Miners, 2009). In addition, phones and other electronic devices can be a source of conflicts and fights at schools as a result of thefts. In this regard, these devices are detrimental to the learning environment because they create disciplinary problems and consume valuable time that could otherwise be used for learning activities.Policies are effective tools for prohibiting, sanctioning, and rewarding behavior, as well as providing inducements for desired behaviors (Osher Quinn, 2010). An effective policy that will discourage students against coming to school with non-educational electronic devices should, as a matter if necessity, include undesirable consequences for offenders. Accordingly, the relevant policies should incorporate the following provisions.The use of non-educational electronic devices with the capability to store, retrieve, send or receive information during exams shall be treated as cheating, and the offender shall be subject to appropriate disciplinary measures.Non-educational electronic devices, including photographic equipment, personal music players, cell phones, and other gadgets with the capability to capture, store, retrieve, send and receive data shall be banned in classrooms during class hours unless their presence is directly related to a learning activity and are permitted by the teachers. Violation of these regulations shall result in the following steps being taken against offenders.Firs offence: Immediate confiscation of the devices to be returned to the owner at the end of the school day or the following day, as the concerned authorities may deem appropriate.Second offence:Confiscation of the device to be returned to the student by the Administration in consultation with a parent or guardian;Third offence: Confiscation of the device to be returned to a parent or guardian. In addition, the student shall be banned for the remainder of the school year from bringing and possessing any non-educational electronic device. Consequence for further offences will result in suspension from school. Effective policy implementation is very critical in achieving organizational and institutional change, since it determines the success or failure of t he program being implemented. An understanding of the nature of the policy helps in determining the implementation strategies and the level of implementation (whether at national or local levels). Decentralization of the management of schools to provinces, districts, and other grassroots-level institutions has become a popular reform strategy in the education system in recent years (Walker, 2002). This approach is informed by the assumption that there will be improvements in education when policy makers are near the place where the policy will have an impact. This is because being within the context of implementation gives policy makers the opportunity to monitor and facilitate progress. Theoretically, decentralized approaches like school-based management (SBM) aims to bring teachers, parents, policy makers, and other stakeholders in the education sector together for the purpose of promoting unity and avoiding conflicting interests. In this light, effective implementation of a poli cy banning mobile phones and other electronic gadgets in schools should be an all-inclusive process by involving all the stakeholders. To win the support of all stakeholders and ensure that the program runs smoothly, the implementation process should also include consultative forums where parents and students will be involved in the decision-making process, as well as be informed of the objective with regards to classroom learning. Implementing a policy banning mobile phones in schools must involve overcoming a number of challenges. The first and foremost challenge is the existence of religious schools, whose management is not subject to the regulations that govern public institutions. Such schools have a separate and distinct governance system, which are often determined by the funding authorities (Goddard, 2000). In this regard, policy implementers should consult with the management of private schools if the policy is to be applied to the whole school system. The second challenge is the absence of a national governing body in the Canadian education sector (Goddard, 2000). This situation presents a problem with respect to the coordination and reinforcement of the policies. To address this challenge, the mandate for implementing the policies should be decentralized to the district level for easy enforcement ...

Progression Of Time - Free Essay Example

War has dependably been a piece of mans history and with the progression of time it has developed. At the point when the word fighting is utilized, individuals as a rule wind up contemplating military or an armed force battling, yet that isnt the situation. In the past fighting was viewed as an assignment of bringing down your adversary by conceiving basic military strategies, to score a triumph for ones nation. Yet, not at all like the past, where fighting was just utilized on the war zone, today it has developed, consequently the war zone and the scale has changed. At first, it used to be connected to firearms, weaponry, rockets, nuclear, atomic and organic fighting. With the progression of time, mans second most noteworthy development after the wheel is the computer and with it the internet has additionally entered the space of fighting and is known as Cyber Warfare. With the development of fighting rather than just nations and government being rivals organizations have likewise entered the ambit. In addition, with the happening to the digital age people have likewise turned into a power, be only it or in a gathering. War has dependably been a piece of mans history and with the progression of time it has developed. At the point when the word fighting is utilized, individuals as a rule wind up contemplating military or an armed force battling, yet that isnt the situation. In the past fighting was viewed as an assignment of bringing down your adversary by conceiving basic military strategies, to score a triumph for ones nation. Yet, not at all like the past, where fighting was just utilized on the war zone, today it has developed, consequently the war zone and the scale has changed. At first it used to be connected to firearms and weaponry and rockets and now to nuclear, atomic and organic fighting. Besides, with the progression of time mans second most noteworthy development after the wheel that is the PC and with it the web has additionally entered the space of fighting and is known as Cyber Warfare. With the development of fighting rather than just nations and government being rivals organizations have likewise entered the ambit. In addition with the happening to the digital age people have likewise turned into a power, be only it or in a gathering. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines terrorism in one of two ways, international and domestic. Cyber warfare falls into both of these categories, because even in recent past we have suffered from the attacks of cyber criminals from foreign nations and even domestic residents (F.B.I., May 2016). One such case of foreign assault is one that took place in June 2015. The United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) announced that it had been the goal of a data crack, concentrating on the records of over four million people. The last measure of the amount of stolen records is approximately 21.5 million. The records of the millions of people who had encountered authentic checks, anyway who were not by any stretch of the imagination present or past government delegates. It was determined by a group of experts that this attack was among the greatest cracks of government data in history. Information centered in the burst included personal identifiable information, for instance, Social Security numbers, and moreover names, dates and places of birth, and addresses. Up to this point in time, the United States Government was focusing its cyber-security efforts on stopping cyber-terrorists from hacking into private institutions, all the while they were hacked from within. Domestically, they United States has the Cyber Command. This government organization is a joint task force that has members from the U.S. Army, Air Force, Marines and Navy. The Armys cyber force is engaged in the realworld cyberspace fight today, against nearpeer adversaries, ISIS, and other global cyber threats. We defend military networks, secure Army weapons platforms, and protect critical U.S. infrastructure (Cyber Command). The Cyber Command has personnel deployed globally and work 24/7 the fight the cyber threats everywhere. Seeing this from a broader prospective, you can ascertain that the U.S. Government has already put a plan in place to fight the digital war. Nations, more often than not, have the intention and the ability to go into digital war with another nation; they attempt to disable their adversary by disturbing their economy and correspondence channels. This is done to attempt to cloud the brain of the opponent with the goal that they currently have local emergency and also remote emergency to deal with which would debilitate any nations solid guards. It is very hard to demonstrate that another nation was associated with a digital assault on another nation, as regularly the nation being faulted denies any contribution; thus it is a successful method for assaulting, by sparing in cost and asset. As the time passes the recurrence of the assaults have been expanding, so an examination was led by a security firm situated in the United States, one of its finding was, that there had been constant assaults on 141 remote and household organizations, making a significant measure of information be stolen by digital military unit named Unit 61398 or APT1 (Mandiant, 2013). Aside from government, a gathering of proficient individuals with the particular arrangement of aptitude can likewise be impressive and evasive rivals. These gatherings can be separated into two classifications, one gathering are those that assault for money related reasons. They take insider facts from the apparently secure servers of the administration or association, to pitch them to the most elevated bidder or utilize the data to make a benefit. The other gathering, who are called hacktivists, are frequently known to remain against the legislature or association on issues they feel that the general population have been wronged, they are programmers who are activists, subsequently the moniker hacktivists. A broadly known hacktivist ensemble, Anonymous, which turned out to be notable for their assaults against corporate substances, religious gatherings and governments. There system is essentially to confine the entrance of a wellspring of machine, server or system to the proposed client and consequently upsetting correspondence known as the DDoS assault. The terrorist group Anonymous played out a Distributed Denial of Service assault on the organization Paypal as an answer to the organization stopping support of another organization called wikileaks. The assault made Paypal suffer a 3.5 million loss. A portion of the general population who participated in the assault were apprehended and convicted in court. (ProQuest, 2012). Singular Hackers have additionally known to wind up hazardous, a popular name being Julian Assange, the maker of wikileaks. Julian Assange thought about a hacktivist for his push to discharge government and corporate privileged insights. Singular programmers, for the most part, begin alone, however, they are frequently joined by others to perform digital assaults, yet are in reality solo after the errand is done and they go separate ways. In conclusion, with every one of the advantages that go with the digital revolution, which has made our lives less demanding, has additionally carried with it a hazard, which I feel is as incredible as the hazard to our physical being. The main issue here is that digital fighting is circumventing us right now and it appears like an endless fight, as when it appears that one side has built up another approach to either secure information, the other soon figures out how to bring it down and the other way around. In addition, this is by all accounts influencing the adolescent as they are getting cleared alongside this tide of new and adaptive youth. They have discovered an intense weapon that could push associations to the brink of collapse and could disable governments. They are utilizing their skills without giving heed to the bigger picture of harm they may be causing or are causing a result of their activities. We must confront these issues of cyber-terrorism, before we are hit and cannot fight back.

Is Inflation Good Or Bad Essay - 1164 Words

Lauren Busbee Period 3 November 29, 2016 Is inflation good or bad? Inflation is the increase in the cost of goods and services while the amount of goods and services purchased decreases. When the price of goods and services increase and wages and salaries do not increase at the same rate, an individual has less available cash to spend. The result is a reduced value of the dollar. A declining value of the dollar gives the consumer less spending power and fewer goods and services are purchased. While initially during times of inflation there is less money being spent, the end result of inflation can be good. Historically, the United States has experienced many periods of inflation. In general, there are three factors which can cause inflation. These factors are supply and demand, cost-push and money supply expansion. With supply and demand, when the demand for particular items is great, the price for those items increases. The newest Apple iphone is an example of this. Demand for the newest iphone is always high. In order to ensure its inventory is not totally depleted, Apple keeps the price of its phone high. In addition, Apple recognizes that the consumer is willing to pay a higher price for their product. On the other hand, â€Å"cost-push inflation happens on the supply side. Sellers raise their pricing in order to cover their increased production costs such as labor and components of the items they produce.† Money supply is a method implemented by theShow MoreRelatedInflation Is A Low Rate Of Inflation1726 Words   |  7 Pageshas a high rate of inflation, that means peo ple who live in this country are sad. Inflation has many definitions, but most of these definitions are related to one concept which is inflation is a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. There is no doubt about that inflation is an important key concept in economics. 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Book Review on the Prejudice in Irseal Essay - 527 Words

To preface this review I want to begin by saying how much I enjoyed this book. I was skeptical about it because I had never heard of it before and because it was assigned in a class. However, I was pleasantly surprised how intrigued I became and how invested I was in the story. I know very little about the prejudices in Isreal amongst the Arabs and the struggles they meet. The book contains two stories, which at first seem unrelated, but eventually run into one another. The first story presented is about a lawyer, whose name we never learn and is always referred to as â€Å"the lawyer.† I was curious throughout the book why that was, potentially it was an attempted to shadow identity or make the character more relatable. The lawyers story†¦show more content†¦While the lawyers story focuses on class discrimination, we see the effects of racism against Arabs. Amir’s narrative continually refers to having to show his identity card to classify his nationality. B oth the lawyer and Amir attempted to recreate a new identity for themselves. Amir, nevertheless, took this cause more literally. At first it was a harmless swap of identity card to get into a prestigious art school, but it quickly progressed and led to Amir completely taking the identity of the Jewish boy he took care of. Due to his false Jewish identity, he was treated differently in the art school than how he would have been if he were truthful about his heritage. Learning the author’s background, it is easy to see the motivation for the writing of the novel. Sayed Kashua is a Israeli Arab authors who has written four books and is a journalist who is known for his humoristic columns. The authors was born and raised in Tira, in the Triangle region of Israel. He attended a prestigious Israeli school. The connections between him and the characters he created are obvious. Again, I loved this book. Although it dragged at times, I thought it was fantastically written. I found my self invested in the life of the characters, especially as I was rooting for Amir to find true happiness. Even past its entertainment value, the book helped me have a

Middle Range Theory Of Postpartum Depression Theory Essay

Middle Range Theory Paper: Analysis of Postpartum Depression Theory Description of Theory- In 1993, Beck published a middle range theory on postpartum depression, entitled Teetering on the Edge. Beck, (1993, p. 44) which describes â€Å"walking on a fine line between sanity and insanity†. Beck determined a limited amount of qualitative research available and few instruments for measurement of postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis, and â€Å"maternity blues†. Beck interviewed 12 women for 18 months detailed their experiences, and determined the main perceived problem was a loss of control (Beck, 1993). Beck’s theory is one that is centered in phenomenology and produced a concise and testable theory (Marsh, 2013). Loss of control is broken down into four stages: encountering terror, dying of self, struggling to survive, and regaining control (Beck, 1993). Beck, 2002, has developed two screening tools (Postpartum Depression Screening Scale and Postpartum Depression Inventory System) to evaluate risk factors and symptoms. Encountering terror is an initial response to feeling out of control, described as being trapped with no means of escape (Beck, 1993). Stage II is highlighted by a reported feeling of loss of former self and feeling internally void of caring or emotion, likened to that of a robot (Beck,1993). Struggling to survive is recognized by the inability to carry on activities of daily living, including eating and bathing. This is the stage where many seek assistance andShow MoreRelatedPostpartum Depression And The Depression1430 Words   |  6 PagesThe postpartum time period is depicted as a joyful time for mothers, but in some cases it can be a time of calamity (Jevitt, Groer, Crist, Gonzalez, Wagner, 2012). Postpartum Depression (PPD) in women after childbirth is a common occurrence. It happens in all races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic statuses. PPD is a severe depression that affects mothers after childbirth. It involves serious depression, sadness, and loneliness. Cheryl Tatano Beck is a nursing theorist who is known for her workRead MoreEssay on Becks Theory of Postpartum Depression1688 Words   |  7 PagesBecks Theory of postpartum depression Theory is an attempt to explain the world around us. It is defined as a set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that projects a view of phenomena by designating specific interrelationships among concepts for purposes of describing, explaining and predicting phenomena. In the world of healthcare the nurse through the understanding of theories attempt to explain why nurses do what they do. 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Hobby Lobby Business, History, Culture, Locations, And...

When analyzing and review a company’s human resource practices it is important to fully understand the company’s business, history, culture, locations, and demographics. Hobby Lobby is described as one of the largest privately owned arts-and-crafts stores in the world. Hobby Lobby’s business consists of over 32,000 employees and over 750 stores in 47 states. (Why choose hobby lobby, 2017) Their headquarters are located in Oklahoma City and have three overseas offices in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and China. Hobby Lobby was ranked #147 on Forbes’ list of America’s Largest privately owned companies. (Forbes, 2016) Demographics and Culture Beginning with just a $600 loan, Hobby Lobby has been a thriving business in accommodating to consumer’s†¦show more content†¦Also their wages are above average starting at $10.50 for part-time employees and $15.50 for full time employees. Another positive aspect of this type of incentive is that it is easier to attract new employees. Hobby Lobby also has many opportunities in their company, specifically with their online usage. They have recognized the importance of an online presence and are currently using social media sites to attract new hires whenever they are opening a new location or participating in a hiring event. Hobby Lobby’s Weaknesses and Threats With strengths comes weakness and with opportunities comes threats. Hobby lobby is lacking strongly in diversity. When conversing with a local Hobby Lobby human resource manager, Gary Adams his primary concern was with diversity. He conveyed that they currently are not exemplifying a diverse workplace as well as a diverse customer environment. Gary also mentioned that it is difficult to attract male employees and other ethnicities. While there are not any large significant indications for this, there are steps to take to increase diversity and ensure a fair recruiting and selection process. 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Cartesian Doubt Essay Example For Students

Cartesian Doubt Essay In his first meditation, Descartes sets out with amazing clarity and persistence to clear himself of every false idea that he has acquired previous to this, and determine what he truly knows. To rid him of these rotten apples he has developed a method of doubt with a goal to construct a set of beliefs on foundations which are indubitable. On these foundations, Descartes applies three levels of skepticism, which in turn, generate three levels at which our thoughts may be deceived by error.Descartes states quite explicitly in the synopsis, that we can doubt all things which are material as long as we have no foundations for the sciences other than those which we have had up till now(synopsis:12). This skepticism also implies that doubt can free us from prejudices, enabling the mind to escape the deception of the senses, and possibly discover a truth which is beyond doubt. The first and main deception in Descartes opinion has evolved from sense perceptionWhat ever I have up till now acc epted as most true I have acquired either from the senses or throughthe sense. But from time to time I have found that the senses deceive, and it is prudent never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once(1:1813).At the root of our beliefs, Descartes argues, lie the experiences we gain from our senses,because these are sometimes mistaken, as in the case of mirages or objects which appear small in the distance, and because of this he will now forfeit all of his most reliable information . More importantly it may be to follow in the steps of Plato and require knowledge that is certain and absolute ( Prado 1992 ). This argument consists of four main premises:1. All that he has accepted as true up to this point, he has acquired by the senses or Cartesian Doubt32. but on occasion these senses have been deceptive. 3. It is wise not to trust anything that has been deceiving in the past4. Therefore, it is possible to be mistaken about everything. In premise one his beliefs are derived from the senses, such as he sees that he has a paper in his hand and concludes that it is a paper, and what is meant by through the senses, is that his beliefs may have been based on others sense experience. All Descartes requires for the second premise is the possibility that he may have been deceived, for if he cannot decide which is wrong, than he must not have any knowledge. This leads to the third premise where it seems at least reasonable to assume, that if one has been deceived previously, there is noabsolute assurance that it is presently correct. Therefore, there is a chance of being deceived about everything. But many critics will argue that several of these false percepts can be corrected by means of alternative senses, such as he bent stick in water example. Although our sight may be tricked into thinking that the mirage exists, by using the sense of touch we can correct this falseness, and uncover what truly exists. Descartes does r etreat, and assess the damage from his first level by saying, there are many other beliefs about which doubt is quite impossible, even though they are derived from the senses-for example, that I am here, sitting by the fire, wearing a winterdressing gown.. (1:1812). Here even he objects to the validity of his argument, even if he could be deceived about anything he perceives, this does not meanthat he is deceived about everything. Just because his senses are unreliable at times is not proof enough that everything in the world is false (Williams 1991). In addition to being delusional, Descartes believes we can be tricked by madness or insanity. Since those who are insane may interpret things detachedfrom reality by means of their senses, how could it be denied that these hands or this whole body are mine? Unless perhaps I were to liken myself to madmen, the persistent vapours of melancholia (1:19 13), they in fact believe these percepts to be true. Though Descartes does go on to say such people are insane, and I would be thought equally mad if I took anything from them as a model for myself, and continues by likening the dreams he has to the experiences a madman faces when awake. From here Descartes makes a stronger argument for calling into question his common sense beliefs, the possibility that he might be dreaming, that every emotion and every sense perception appears to him only in a dream. Since there is always a possibility that we may in fact be dreaming, this hypothesis is done to provoke his faith in reality and the senses, to get the absolute certainty of how things may appear or feel (Prado 1992). His view on this is taken from the fact that when dreaming, the same types of mental states and feelings are present as when we are awake, How often, asleep at night , I am convinced of just such a familiar event-thatI am here in my dressing-gown, sitting by the fire- when in fact I am lying undressed in bed (1:1913). Since there is no absolute way in determining the waking state from the dreaming state, when it comes to sense experience, we are no better off awake than asleep. Therefore our judgment must be suspended even when we are sure that our state is that of waking because we clearly have no reason to believe that effects resemble their causes in the waking state, since they clearly do not in the dreaming state (Prado, 1992). The only way we can avoid the suspension of judgement is only if we have a standard to determine where the truth exists (Williams 1986).To use the conflict of the stick being bent in water, what sense is it that we should believe, when we have no tool to decipher the truth? Thus, the suspension of truth works for the doubt of he senses as well. The reason why doubting the senses is not enough to base an entirely new set of ideas, is due to the fact that it does not call into question all of ones common sense beliefs, for the representations found in dreams are derived from real objects, although possibly arranged in a different way. The thoughts and feelings of a dream are real, they are the same thoughts and feelings that occur every day in the waking state. To be afraid during a dream is the same feeling experienced if . It is due to the similarities in feelings and thought between dreaming and waking, that Descartes is able to find ground for doubt, there are never any sure signs by means of which being awake can be distinguished from being asleep (1:1913). This than leads to the eternal skeptical question : How can I tell whether at this moment I am awake or asleep? (Malcolm, 1967).If we take any series of thoughts, emotions or feelings, it is possible that the same series can occur while dreaming or awake. Thus, we can never be absolutely clear on whether what we are experiencing at that exact moment in time is a dream, or that of a waking state. Though Prado (1992) insists that Descartes states in the sixth meditation, that temporal coherence allows us to decipher between the waking and dreaming states. Th e aim here then would be to prove that there is nothing in the waking state to confirm the accuracy of sense experience. The fact that at any given moment our current state could change drastically and render the previous state an illusion, may be enough to support his skeptical nature on thus, his second level of doubt (Williams 1991). As long as Descartes second level of doubt is accepted, we are able to continue on to his third level of doubt, or what is known as hyperbolical doubt. Descartes considers our beliefs within dreams when he says that some beliefs remain indubitable while others are swept away by imagination. Such things as the laws of physics can be broken within dreams, where other concepts such as arithmetic or geometry remain unchanged:physics, astronomy, medicine and all other disciplines which depend on the study ofcomposite things, are doubtful; while arithmetic, geometry ans other subjects of this kind,which deal only with the simplest and most general things, regardless of whether they reallyexist in nature or not, contain something certain and indubitable. (1:2014)He decides that certain things which are accepted universally, such as mathematics, are irrefutable. The dream hypothesis is not enough to doubt such things as mathematics, as we may be dreaming that there appears a square in front of us, but we cannot doubt our reason, such that it has four sides, or that there is only one square that we see and not two or three. He moves on to discuss the origins of our beliefs, and the role of an omnipotent God. He believes that there is a God, due to the fact that this idea of God is firmly rooted in his mind, and he also believes that this omnipotent God would not deceive him since he is supremely good. He examines the assumption that God is perfect and omnipotent, and therefore the source for all of our thoughts and ideas. Since Descartes is abandoning all of his old beliefs, this would suggest that God tried to deceive him. He wonders why such a perfect God would deceive him, and figures it must be doubtful. Cartesian Doubt7Now Descartes imagines that God is not the one who is deceiving him, but none other than a malevolent demon, who with deceitful power, implants false beliefs, I will suppose therefore that not God, who is supremely good and the source of truth, but rather some malicious demon of the utmost power and cunning has employed all his energies in order to deceive me (1:2215). When determi ning what is open to doubt, Descartes evil demon hypothesis conveniently creates a being who is omnipotent and who uses the power solely to deceive.What Descartes achieves is making problematic a host of ideas he entertains as products of reason , opposed to products of the senses, which the dream hypothesis takes care of (Prado 1992). Although L.G. Miller (1992) suggests that the propositions of mathematics survive the perception and dream arguments, but only to be unsettled by the deceiver God hypothesis, Could not an all-powerful demon make me believe those propositions are true when, as a matter of fact, they are not? The deceiver God does not succeed if the person accepts that the reality he lives in is true. However, with the rise of skepticism and questioning the veracity of whether the world we live in is accurate or not, perhaps the demon has won after all. HEALTH SERVICES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM EssayThe thoughts and feelings of a dream are real, they are the same thoughts and feelings that occur every day in the waking state. To be afraid during a dream is the same feeling experienced if . It is due to the similarities in feelings and thought between dreaming and waking, that Descartes is able to find ground for doubt, there are never any sure signs by means of which being awake can be distinguished from being asleep (1:1913). This than leads to the eternal skeptical question : How can I tell whether at this moment I am awake or asleep? (Malcolm, 1967).If we take any series of thoughts, emotions or feelings, it is possible that the same series can occur while dreaming or awake. Thus, we can never be absolutely clear on whether what we are experiencing at that exact moment in time is a dream, or that of a waking state. Though Prado (1992) insists that Descartes states in the sixth meditation, that temporal coherence allows us to decipher between the waking and dreaming states. The aim here then would be to prove that there is nothing in the waking state to confirm the accuracy of sense experience. The fact that at any given moment our current state could change drastically and render the previous state an illusion, may be enough to support his skeptical nature on thus, his second level of doubt (Williams 1991). As long as Descartes second level of doubt is accepted, we are able to continue on to his third level of doubt, or what is known as hyperbolical doubt. Descartes considers our beliefs within dreams when he says that some beliefs remain indubitable while others are swept away by imagination. Such things as the laws of physics can be broken within dreams, where other concepts such as arithmetic or geometry remain unchanged:physics, astronomy, medicine and all other disciplines which depend on the study ofcomposite things, are doubtful; while arithmetic, geometry ans other subjects of this kind,which deal only w ith the simplest and most general things, regardless of whether they reallyexist in nature or not, contain something certain and indubitable. (1:2014)He decides that certain things which are accepted universally, such as mathematics, are irrefutable. The dream hypothesis is not enough to doubt such things as mathematics, as we may be dreaming that there appears a square in front of us, but we cannot doubt our reason, such that it has four sides, or that there is only one square that we see and not two or three. He moves on to discuss the origins of our beliefs, and the role of an omnipotent God. He believes that there is a God, due to the fact that this idea of God is firmly rooted in his mind, and he also believes that this omnipotent God would not deceive him since he is supremely good. He examines the assumption that God is perfect and omnipotent, and therefore the source for all of our thoughts and ideas. Since Descartes is abandoning all of his old beliefs, this would suggest that God tried to deceive him. He wonders why such a perfect God would deceive him, and figures it must be doubtful. Cartesian Doubt7Now Descartes imagines that God is not the one who is deceiving him, but none other than a malevolent demon, who with deceitful power, implants false beliefs, I will suppose therefore that not God, who is supremely good and the source of truth, but rather some malicious demon of the utmost power and cunning has employed all his energies in order to deceive me (1:2215). When determi ning what is open to doubt, Descartes evil demon hypothesis conveniently creates a being who is omnipotent and who uses the power solely to deceive.What Descartes achieves is making problematic a host of ideas he entertains as products of reason , opposed to products of the senses, which the dream hypothesis takes care of (Prado 1992). Although L.G. Miller (1992) suggests that the propositions of mathematics survive the perception and dream arguments, but only to be unsettled by the deceiver God hypothesis, Could not an all-powerful demon make me believe those propositions are true when, as a matter of fact, they are not? The deceiver God does not succeed if the person accepts that the reality he lives in is true. However, with the rise of skepticism and questioning the veracity of whether the world we live in is accurate or not, perhaps the demon has won after all. Descartes then leaves the first meditation in a state of confusion. He knows at least how things seem to appear to him, even if he has no idea how they really are I am like a prisoner who is enjoying an imaginary freedom while asleep, he dreads being woken up, and goes along with the pleasant as long as he can(1:2315). Descartes clearly refocused metaphysical thinking into the physical world, by turning it toward the natural world. His basic structure has four uses of doubt, firstly to free us from preconceived opinions or prejudice, the second is to lead the mind away from the senses, the third use of doubt makes it impossible to have any further doubts about those things which alter such an extensive doubt and are discovered to be true, while the fourth is to provide us with an understanding of what certainty is. Descartes methodological doubt can be defined as foundationalism, which is the belief that knowledge is formed on different levels, much like an inverted pyramid. Such tha t, complex beliefs come first, then beneath that are simpler beliefs and beneath them are the simplest beliefs. Foundationalism requires not only this hierarchy effect, but also that nothing is accepted as knowledge until we know upon what it is based (Prado 1992). In summary of what the three main arguments undermine, the argument from the illusion or deceptiveness of the senses undermines ordinary sense perception. Undermining ordinary sense perception and scientific observation as well as the more theoretical parts of the physical sciences and hence these sciences as a whole is the dream hypothesis, while the deceiver God hypothesis undermines the pure mathematical sciences such as arithmetic and geometry. Descartes metaphysical doubt emphasizes purging the old falsehoods and buildings up again from the bedrock of the indubitable of our existence as thinkers. Whether or not the extensiveness of such skepticism used by Descartes is necessary, remains open for doubt. But for one to gain any knowledge what so ever, they must be capable of doubting at some point or another, rather than accepting all that they may hear. It would be extremely credulous and naive to never doubt or question it is only natural to doubt and challenge that which one does not believe, and to a certain extent, being the natural extent, it is useful and necessary, When Descartes begins to doubt in an epistemological mode, he cannot stop short of doubting whether he himself exists as a doubter (Prado 1992). . Perhaps, when the poet Charles Bukowski said the more crap you believe, the better off you are, he realized that such an extensive doubt can be harmful to the majority of people, because they are in fact better off believing in their senses, their God, and their ability to determine whether they are sleeping or awake. It is possible that it may be beneficial to live and die being deceived, and be ignorant to that deception, than to live and die searching for truth where truth may not be found, for the true determinant to whether such an extensive skepticism is beneficial or necessary depends on the individual. Neither Descartes nor Bukowski can speak for anyone other than themselves. Bibliography:

Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law. Answer: Introduction: This is to bring to your notice that with respect to the contract between the B Food Company, certain issues may arise within such contract. Since the executive of the B Company does not wish to enter into detailed or a written contract and due to shortage of time, detail discussion regarding the terms of the contract could not be discussed, certain contractual issues might arise from such obligations. The issues are discussed in details in the following paragraphs. An agreement that is enforceable at the law is termed as a contract. The Common law does not impose any restrictions on the mode of communication that is used to form contracts. Therefore, oral or verbal contracts are equally binding as the written contracts (McKendrick 2014). In order to make a valid contract it must include the following essential elements- offer, acceptance, consideration, legal intention and certainty. The absence of any of these essential elements shall render the contract unenforceable at law. An offer is the willingness of a party to enter into a contract with another person with legal intention to be legally bound by the contract. One of the issues that may arise is the issue related to the offer of the contract. To constitute an offer, the offeror must be clear and certain while communicating the terms of the contract (Poole 2016). However, due to shortage of time, the terms proposed by the A Food company could not be discussed with the B food company. Previously, both the companies did not reach an agreement with respect to the remedies for the breach of the contract; exclusivity that is, whether Company A would be allowed to contract with other distributors or whether company B would be permitted to distribute for other companies. Further, the companies did not reach to an agreement regarding the capacity of the company B to contract the subcontractors; the companys responsibility to remove debris and the adjustment of contractual price, etc. Furthermore, for a contract to be valid, the person whom the offer was made must accept the offer. An acceptance of an offer may not result in a binding contract in case the parties do not intend to become legally bound by the contract; however, if the contract is a written contract then it shall have a binding effect upon the parties to the contract (Andrews 2015). Moreover, another issue that may arise is that since the parties are intending to enter into verbal contract, the legal intention of the parties may become a hindrance in the future. One of the shortcomings of verbal contract is that the parties may fail to become legally bounded by the contract as a verbal agreement lacks binding effect and the probability that either party may deny his or her part of the obligations. In the event of a breach of contract, it would become difficult to establish the obligation of the breaching party in the absence of a written contract (Furmston 2017). Another essential element to render a contract valid and enforceable at law, it is pertinent that the parties to the contract ensure that the agreement is not uncertain and vague so that it may give rise to a binding contract. A contract may become unenforceable if the essential terms of the contract are not settled at the time of offer and acceptance, but left for future discussion without any means of ensuring agreement (Bozovic and Hadfield 2015). As both the companies have not discussed about the essential terms yet and have left such discussion for future without any means of ensuring any written agreement. The companies had only reached to an agreement regarding the exclusivity and remedies but have not been able to discuss about other essential terms of the contract such as whether the companies can distribute for other companies and contract other distributors, responsibility to remove debris and adjustments regarding the price. There is a lack of certainty regarding these essential terms and it may give rise to contractual issues. Lastly, issues related to the breach of contract might arise with respect to the verbal agreement both the companies are intending to form. Breach of a contract refers to a violation of an essential term or terms of a contract (Fried 2015). In case of a written contract, both the parties to the contract are under statutory obligation to perform or fulfill his or her part of the obligation that may arise out of the contract. In the event when either party fails or intentionally does or omits to do any act that such party was required to do or omit to do as per the terms of the contract, such party shall be said to have committed a breach of such contract. Non- performance of a contract may amount to anticipatory breach of contract. It implies that if either party to the contract communicates to the other party that he or she shall not be able or is not willing to perform his or her part of the contractual obligation, such person shall be held liable for committing anticipatory breach of contract. However, the breaching party must communicate the same prior to the date of completion of the performance of the contract (Bayern 2015). However, since oral contracts are equally valid as written contracts, therefore it is valid that the companies enter into a valid contract. Nevertheless, a verbal contract may give rise to issues in the event of breach of the contract (O'Sullivan and Hilliard 2016). Although the companies have come to an agreement regarding the remedies that the aggrieved party may become entitled to, in case of a breach, but it would be intricate for the aggrieved party to establish the commission of the breach as the breaching party may conveniently deny his part of the contractual obligation. From the above discussion, it is evident that in order to form a valid contract, it is advisable that the companies enter into written agreement so that both the companies shall become legally bound by the contract. Further, it would be convenient for the co0mpnaies to incorporate essential terms in the contract specifically and clearly which would make the contract certain and enforceable in the court of law. Reference List Andrews, N., 2015.Contract law. Cambridge University Press. Bayern, S., 2015. Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law: A Needles Concept.Cal. L. Rev.,103, p.67. Bozovic, I. and Hadfield, G.K., 2015. Scaffolding: Using formal contracts to build informal relations in support of innovation. Fried, C., 2015.Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. OUP Us. Furmston, M.P., 2017.Cheshire, Fifoot, and Furmston's Law of Contract. Oxford university press. McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). O'Sullivan, J. and Hilliard, J., 2016.The law of contract. Oxford University Press. Poole, J., 2016.Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press.

Oscar Wilde Influence Essays - Operas, Anglo-Irish People

Oscar Wilde Influence One of the most difficult obstacles a playwright has to overcome is finding a way to engage and interest their audience to their piece. Often having to deal with such problems such as boredom, inattentiveness, or just a general lack of interest, playwrights often invent dramatic devices that entice and entertain their audiences. An example of this is the character Lane in Oscar Wilde's "The Importance of Being Earnest." Not only does he portray what the public sentiment is like, he also offers a channel for Wilde to portray the handling of the "lower orders" by the English upper class. Lane, as any good servant should be, is loyal and trustworthy towards his master Algernon. Lane dutifully obliges to his master's requests, and even defends Algernon when he gets in trouble. For example, when discussing with Lady Bracknell the subject of the missing cucumber sandwiches, Lane quickly replies, "There were no cucumbers in the markets this morning,...I went down twice." The reader and the audience are both wise to this ploy. Lane's character also serves a very interesting dramatic function in this piece, in that he serves as a facilitator for Wilde to comment on social perceptions of not only marriage, but of the lower classes as a whole. Before the audience is introduced to Jack, Algernon comments, "Lane's views on marriage seem somewhat lax. Really, if the lower orders don't set us a good example, what on earth is the use of them? They seem, as a class, to have absolutely no sense of moral responsibility." This is a rather bold statement, and it relates to the piece in that it portrays"aristocratic" sentiment towards marriage and society. It also serves a function in portraying that aristocratic sentiment is not always the correct one. The comment shows more that this elitist sentiment is skewed, and out of touch with reality. If it were correct that Lane had no sense of moral responsibility, he probably would not have saved his master from inevitable shame later in the act. While doing this produces some humor in the audience, it is interesting to note that Algernon's perceptions of his servant are so different from how Lane is portrayed in the piece. Lane allows the audience to see how warped high-class perceptions are of society. In the end, Lane is less of a servant to Algernon, and more of a servant to the audience, for he allows them to see things the way they really are in society.