Is Inflation Good Or Bad Essay - 1164 Words

Lauren Busbee Period 3 November 29, 2016 Is inflation good or bad? Inflation is the increase in the cost of goods and services while the amount of goods and services purchased decreases. When the price of goods and services increase and wages and salaries do not increase at the same rate, an individual has less available cash to spend. The result is a reduced value of the dollar. A declining value of the dollar gives the consumer less spending power and fewer goods and services are purchased. While initially during times of inflation there is less money being spent, the end result of inflation can be good. Historically, the United States has experienced many periods of inflation. In general, there are three factors which can cause inflation. These factors are supply and demand, cost-push and money supply expansion. With supply and demand, when the demand for particular items is great, the price for those items increases. The newest Apple iphone is an example of this. Demand for the newest iphone is always high. In order to ensure its inventory is not totally depleted, Apple keeps the price of its phone high. In addition, Apple recognizes that the consumer is willing to pay a higher price for their product. On the other hand, â€Å"cost-push inflation happens on the supply side. Sellers raise their pricing in order to cover their increased production costs such as labor and components of the items they produce.† Money supply is a method implemented by theShow MoreRelatedInflation Is A Low Rate Of Inflation1726 Words   |  7 Pageshas a high rate of inflation, that means peo ple who live in this country are sad. Inflation has many definitions, but most of these definitions are related to one concept which is inflation is a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. There is no doubt about that inflation is an important key concept in economics. As we know that there is something called deflation which is the opposite meaning of inflation. In this paper, I will write about inflation in general, the causesRead MoreEconomics Is All About The Allocation, Unemployment, Economic Growth And The Value Of The Dollar1487 Words   |  6 Pageshow much goods and services are bought and sold for, how many people have jobs, how much a currency is worth and much much more. At the moment Australia s economy is healthy and isn t too far below or above other countries.This essay will discuss Australia s economic mechanisms such as inflation, unemployment, economic growth and the value of the dollar. It will then compare them historically to t he US, UK, China and Japan and interpret their meanings for society as a whole. Inflation What isRead MoreEffects Of Inflation On The Economy1212 Words   |  5 Pages There are different influences that cause inflation such as energy, food, commodities, and other goods and services. The entire economy is affected by rise of the cost of living. It also affects the cost of operating a business, borrowing money, mortgages, corporate and government bond yields, and every other aspect of the economy. There are several advantages of inflation in the economy. Some include moderate rates of inflation which allows prices to adjust. This is considered a sign of a healthyRead More Inflation Essays1090 Words   |  5 PagesInflation INFLATION CAN OUR ECONOMY GROW WITHOUT IT? INFLATION CAN OUR ECONOMY GROW WITHOUT IT? What is inflation? The definition of inflation, according to Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, is â€Å"an undue expansion or increase, from overissue.† Although, Webster’s is considered by most to be the overall best dictionary, WordNet states the meaning of inflation a lot clearer by saying, â€Å"it’s a general and progressive increase in prices.† It occurs when the value of goods rises fasterRead MoreInflation And Its Effect On The Economy1217 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Inflation is another aspect of macroeconomic instability and is a rise in the general level of prices in an economy. When inflation occurs, each dollar of income will buy fewer goods and services than before and reduces the purchasing power of money. **Inflation does not mean that all prices are rising and during periods of rapid inflation, some prices may be relatively constant while others may fall. Almost all prices are set by supply and demand, and if the economy experiences inflationRead MoreInflation And Its Effect On The Economy1197 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Inflation is an aspect of macroeconomic instability and is a rise in the general level of prices in an economy. When inflation occurs, every dollar of income buys fewer goods and services than before and reduces the purchasing power of money. Inflation doesn’t always mean all prices are rising, and during periods of rapid inflation some prices may be constant and others may fall. It is measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the two types are demand-pull and cost-push, and affectsRead MoreInflation And Its Effect On The Economy1200 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Inflation is another aspect of macroeconomic instability and is a rise in the general level of prices in an economy. When inflation occurs, every dollar of income will buy fewer goods and services than before and reduces the purchasing power of money. Inflation doesn’t always mean all prices are rising, and during periods of rapid inflation some prices may be constant and others may fall. Measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the two types are demand-pull and cost-push, andRead MoreThe Monetary Policy Roller Coaster1193 Words   |  5 Pagesstabilize prices. We can look at this and picture the government’s desire to a keep a low and stable rate of inflation. The reason for this is because there are a numerous of negative impacts associated with the high levels of inflation, such as, the loss of purchasing power just to name the big one. But what happens when there is a deflation? Monetary Policy and the concepts of Inflation and deflation play a huge role in o ur economy along with the enduring changes that take place with the AggregateRead MoreThe Effects Of Inflation On The Economy1572 Words   |  7 Pageswhat exactly inflation is, what its effects on an economy are, and what the root causes of inflation are. Rampant inflation is very damaging to an economy and can have long lasting effects on the country and the World financial markets. Because of globalization the world is more interconnected than ever and in turn no economy is fully insulated from disruptions to the global markets. The difference between inflation and hyperinflation is also discussed. As the title states, inflations damaging effectsRead MoreInflation And Its Effect On The Economy1532 Words   |  7 PagesInflation is the rate in which the prices and services are rising above zero percent, which involves a declining value in the power of currency. While deflation is when the inflation rate goes below zero, making it a negative inflation rate. â€Å"Inflation has a direct impact on the investment environment; a rising or declining inflation rate can shift the balance of investment returns between stock, bonds, and other alternatives† (Little, 2010). An economy having zero inflation will eventually result

Book Review on the Prejudice in Irseal Essay - 527 Words

To preface this review I want to begin by saying how much I enjoyed this book. I was skeptical about it because I had never heard of it before and because it was assigned in a class. However, I was pleasantly surprised how intrigued I became and how invested I was in the story. I know very little about the prejudices in Isreal amongst the Arabs and the struggles they meet. The book contains two stories, which at first seem unrelated, but eventually run into one another. The first story presented is about a lawyer, whose name we never learn and is always referred to as â€Å"the lawyer.† I was curious throughout the book why that was, potentially it was an attempted to shadow identity or make the character more relatable. The lawyers story†¦show more content†¦While the lawyers story focuses on class discrimination, we see the effects of racism against Arabs. Amir’s narrative continually refers to having to show his identity card to classify his nationality. B oth the lawyer and Amir attempted to recreate a new identity for themselves. Amir, nevertheless, took this cause more literally. At first it was a harmless swap of identity card to get into a prestigious art school, but it quickly progressed and led to Amir completely taking the identity of the Jewish boy he took care of. Due to his false Jewish identity, he was treated differently in the art school than how he would have been if he were truthful about his heritage. Learning the author’s background, it is easy to see the motivation for the writing of the novel. Sayed Kashua is a Israeli Arab authors who has written four books and is a journalist who is known for his humoristic columns. The authors was born and raised in Tira, in the Triangle region of Israel. He attended a prestigious Israeli school. The connections between him and the characters he created are obvious. Again, I loved this book. Although it dragged at times, I thought it was fantastically written. I found my self invested in the life of the characters, especially as I was rooting for Amir to find true happiness. Even past its entertainment value, the book helped me have a

Middle Range Theory Of Postpartum Depression Theory Essay

Middle Range Theory Paper: Analysis of Postpartum Depression Theory Description of Theory- In 1993, Beck published a middle range theory on postpartum depression, entitled Teetering on the Edge. Beck, (1993, p. 44) which describes â€Å"walking on a fine line between sanity and insanity†. Beck determined a limited amount of qualitative research available and few instruments for measurement of postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis, and â€Å"maternity blues†. Beck interviewed 12 women for 18 months detailed their experiences, and determined the main perceived problem was a loss of control (Beck, 1993). Beck’s theory is one that is centered in phenomenology and produced a concise and testable theory (Marsh, 2013). Loss of control is broken down into four stages: encountering terror, dying of self, struggling to survive, and regaining control (Beck, 1993). Beck, 2002, has developed two screening tools (Postpartum Depression Screening Scale and Postpartum Depression Inventory System) to evaluate risk factors and symptoms. Encountering terror is an initial response to feeling out of control, described as being trapped with no means of escape (Beck, 1993). Stage II is highlighted by a reported feeling of loss of former self and feeling internally void of caring or emotion, likened to that of a robot (Beck,1993). Struggling to survive is recognized by the inability to carry on activities of daily living, including eating and bathing. This is the stage where many seek assistance andShow MoreRelatedPostpartum Depression And The Depression1430 Words   |  6 PagesThe postpartum time period is depicted as a joyful time for mothers, but in some cases it can be a time of calamity (Jevitt, Groer, Crist, Gonzalez, Wagner, 2012). Postpartum Depression (PPD) in women after childbirth is a common occurrence. It happens in all races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic statuses. PPD is a severe depression that affects mothers after childbirth. It involves serious depression, sadness, and loneliness. Cheryl Tatano Beck is a nursing theorist who is known for her workRead MoreEssay on Becks Theory of Postpartum Depression1688 Words   |  7 PagesBecks Theory of postpartum depression Theory is an attempt to explain the world around us. It is defined as a set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that projects a view of phenomena by designating specific interrelationships among concepts for purposes of describing, explaining and predicting phenomena. In the world of healthcare the nurse through the understanding of theories attempt to explain why nurses do what they do. Nursing theories are the creative products of nurses who seek toRead MoreEssay about Cheryl Postpartum Depression Theory2852 Words   |  12 PagesA Middle Range Theory of Postpartum Depression: Analysis and Application by Jennifer R. Marsh, RN BSN Abstract: This paper examines Cheryl Tatano Beck’s middle range theory of postpartum depression: Teetering on the Edge. Concepts and definitions of the theory are outlined, as well as assumptions and propositions. The postpartum depression theory is further examined and evaluated in its relation to the field of nursing, its applicability to practice, and author’s scope of practice. Read MoreThe Common Methods Of Killing By Parents Were With Personal Weapons1222 Words   |  5 Pagesfemale 43 percent; 3.9 percent from explosive or fire, 46 percent by male and female 54 percent; 2.1 percent from poison and drugs, 33 percent by male and 67 percent from female (Brown University). 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It has a limiting effect onRead MoreAnalysis Of Eileen Chang s Red Rose, White Rose1448 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristics of both genders, they respectively represent the core notions of sexual variation. Back to the age of ancient Greece, the great philosopher and scientist Aristotle separated male and female into active and passive parts, basing his theory on the shapes of reproductive organs. Male semen was viewed as the efficient cause or the â€Å"mover† that offers strength and necessity to pass on life. Men are usually descripted as the more vigorous and lively human kind, producing massive number ofRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Chapter Mood Disorders5762 Words   |  24 Pagesmeans: A. a feeling of worthlessness B. an altered pattern of sleep C. indecisiveness D. an inability to experience pleasure 3. Mood disorders can range from mild to severe; the most severe type of depression is called: A. major depressive disorder B. dysthymia C. cyclothymia D. profound depression 4. 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Hobby Lobby Business, History, Culture, Locations, And...

When analyzing and review a company’s human resource practices it is important to fully understand the company’s business, history, culture, locations, and demographics. Hobby Lobby is described as one of the largest privately owned arts-and-crafts stores in the world. Hobby Lobby’s business consists of over 32,000 employees and over 750 stores in 47 states. (Why choose hobby lobby, 2017) Their headquarters are located in Oklahoma City and have three overseas offices in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and China. Hobby Lobby was ranked #147 on Forbes’ list of America’s Largest privately owned companies. (Forbes, 2016) Demographics and Culture Beginning with just a $600 loan, Hobby Lobby has been a thriving business in accommodating to consumer’s†¦show more content†¦Also their wages are above average starting at $10.50 for part-time employees and $15.50 for full time employees. Another positive aspect of this type of incentive is that it is easier to attract new employees. Hobby Lobby also has many opportunities in their company, specifically with their online usage. They have recognized the importance of an online presence and are currently using social media sites to attract new hires whenever they are opening a new location or participating in a hiring event. Hobby Lobby’s Weaknesses and Threats With strengths comes weakness and with opportunities comes threats. Hobby lobby is lacking strongly in diversity. When conversing with a local Hobby Lobby human resource manager, Gary Adams his primary concern was with diversity. He conveyed that they currently are not exemplifying a diverse workplace as well as a diverse customer environment. Gary also mentioned that it is difficult to attract male employees and other ethnicities. While there are not any large significant indications for this, there are steps to take to increase diversity and ensure a fair recruiting and selection process. 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Cartesian Doubt Essay Example For Students

Cartesian Doubt Essay In his first meditation, Descartes sets out with amazing clarity and persistence to clear himself of every false idea that he has acquired previous to this, and determine what he truly knows. To rid him of these rotten apples he has developed a method of doubt with a goal to construct a set of beliefs on foundations which are indubitable. On these foundations, Descartes applies three levels of skepticism, which in turn, generate three levels at which our thoughts may be deceived by error.Descartes states quite explicitly in the synopsis, that we can doubt all things which are material as long as we have no foundations for the sciences other than those which we have had up till now(synopsis:12). This skepticism also implies that doubt can free us from prejudices, enabling the mind to escape the deception of the senses, and possibly discover a truth which is beyond doubt. The first and main deception in Descartes opinion has evolved from sense perceptionWhat ever I have up till now acc epted as most true I have acquired either from the senses or throughthe sense. But from time to time I have found that the senses deceive, and it is prudent never to trust completely those who have deceived us even once(1:1813).At the root of our beliefs, Descartes argues, lie the experiences we gain from our senses,because these are sometimes mistaken, as in the case of mirages or objects which appear small in the distance, and because of this he will now forfeit all of his most reliable information . More importantly it may be to follow in the steps of Plato and require knowledge that is certain and absolute ( Prado 1992 ). This argument consists of four main premises:1. All that he has accepted as true up to this point, he has acquired by the senses or Cartesian Doubt32. but on occasion these senses have been deceptive. 3. It is wise not to trust anything that has been deceiving in the past4. Therefore, it is possible to be mistaken about everything. In premise one his beliefs are derived from the senses, such as he sees that he has a paper in his hand and concludes that it is a paper, and what is meant by through the senses, is that his beliefs may have been based on others sense experience. All Descartes requires for the second premise is the possibility that he may have been deceived, for if he cannot decide which is wrong, than he must not have any knowledge. This leads to the third premise where it seems at least reasonable to assume, that if one has been deceived previously, there is noabsolute assurance that it is presently correct. Therefore, there is a chance of being deceived about everything. But many critics will argue that several of these false percepts can be corrected by means of alternative senses, such as he bent stick in water example. Although our sight may be tricked into thinking that the mirage exists, by using the sense of touch we can correct this falseness, and uncover what truly exists. Descartes does r etreat, and assess the damage from his first level by saying, there are many other beliefs about which doubt is quite impossible, even though they are derived from the senses-for example, that I am here, sitting by the fire, wearing a winterdressing gown.. (1:1812). Here even he objects to the validity of his argument, even if he could be deceived about anything he perceives, this does not meanthat he is deceived about everything. Just because his senses are unreliable at times is not proof enough that everything in the world is false (Williams 1991). In addition to being delusional, Descartes believes we can be tricked by madness or insanity. Since those who are insane may interpret things detachedfrom reality by means of their senses, how could it be denied that these hands or this whole body are mine? Unless perhaps I were to liken myself to madmen, the persistent vapours of melancholia (1:19 13), they in fact believe these percepts to be true. Though Descartes does go on to say such people are insane, and I would be thought equally mad if I took anything from them as a model for myself, and continues by likening the dreams he has to the experiences a madman faces when awake. From here Descartes makes a stronger argument for calling into question his common sense beliefs, the possibility that he might be dreaming, that every emotion and every sense perception appears to him only in a dream. Since there is always a possibility that we may in fact be dreaming, this hypothesis is done to provoke his faith in reality and the senses, to get the absolute certainty of how things may appear or feel (Prado 1992). His view on this is taken from the fact that when dreaming, the same types of mental states and feelings are present as when we are awake, How often, asleep at night , I am convinced of just such a familiar event-thatI am here in my dressing-gown, sitting by the fire- when in fact I am lying undressed in bed (1:1913). Since there is no absolute way in determining the waking state from the dreaming state, when it comes to sense experience, we are no better off awake than asleep. Therefore our judgment must be suspended even when we are sure that our state is that of waking because we clearly have no reason to believe that effects resemble their causes in the waking state, since they clearly do not in the dreaming state (Prado, 1992). The only way we can avoid the suspension of judgement is only if we have a standard to determine where the truth exists (Williams 1986).To use the conflict of the stick being bent in water, what sense is it that we should believe, when we have no tool to decipher the truth? Thus, the suspension of truth works for the doubt of he senses as well. The reason why doubting the senses is not enough to base an entirely new set of ideas, is due to the fact that it does not call into question all of ones common sense beliefs, for the representations found in dreams are derived from real objects, although possibly arranged in a different way. The thoughts and feelings of a dream are real, they are the same thoughts and feelings that occur every day in the waking state. To be afraid during a dream is the same feeling experienced if . It is due to the similarities in feelings and thought between dreaming and waking, that Descartes is able to find ground for doubt, there are never any sure signs by means of which being awake can be distinguished from being asleep (1:1913). This than leads to the eternal skeptical question : How can I tell whether at this moment I am awake or asleep? (Malcolm, 1967).If we take any series of thoughts, emotions or feelings, it is possible that the same series can occur while dreaming or awake. Thus, we can never be absolutely clear on whether what we are experiencing at that exact moment in time is a dream, or that of a waking state. Though Prado (1992) insists that Descartes states in the sixth meditation, that temporal coherence allows us to decipher between the waking and dreaming states. Th e aim here then would be to prove that there is nothing in the waking state to confirm the accuracy of sense experience. The fact that at any given moment our current state could change drastically and render the previous state an illusion, may be enough to support his skeptical nature on thus, his second level of doubt (Williams 1991). As long as Descartes second level of doubt is accepted, we are able to continue on to his third level of doubt, or what is known as hyperbolical doubt. Descartes considers our beliefs within dreams when he says that some beliefs remain indubitable while others are swept away by imagination. Such things as the laws of physics can be broken within dreams, where other concepts such as arithmetic or geometry remain unchanged:physics, astronomy, medicine and all other disciplines which depend on the study ofcomposite things, are doubtful; while arithmetic, geometry ans other subjects of this kind,which deal only with the simplest and most general things, regardless of whether they reallyexist in nature or not, contain something certain and indubitable. (1:2014)He decides that certain things which are accepted universally, such as mathematics, are irrefutable. The dream hypothesis is not enough to doubt such things as mathematics, as we may be dreaming that there appears a square in front of us, but we cannot doubt our reason, such that it has four sides, or that there is only one square that we see and not two or three. He moves on to discuss the origins of our beliefs, and the role of an omnipotent God. He believes that there is a God, due to the fact that this idea of God is firmly rooted in his mind, and he also believes that this omnipotent God would not deceive him since he is supremely good. He examines the assumption that God is perfect and omnipotent, and therefore the source for all of our thoughts and ideas. Since Descartes is abandoning all of his old beliefs, this would suggest that God tried to deceive him. He wonders why such a perfect God would deceive him, and figures it must be doubtful. Cartesian Doubt7Now Descartes imagines that God is not the one who is deceiving him, but none other than a malevolent demon, who with deceitful power, implants false beliefs, I will suppose therefore that not God, who is supremely good and the source of truth, but rather some malicious demon of the utmost power and cunning has employed all his energies in order to deceive me (1:2215). When determi ning what is open to doubt, Descartes evil demon hypothesis conveniently creates a being who is omnipotent and who uses the power solely to deceive.What Descartes achieves is making problematic a host of ideas he entertains as products of reason , opposed to products of the senses, which the dream hypothesis takes care of (Prado 1992). Although L.G. Miller (1992) suggests that the propositions of mathematics survive the perception and dream arguments, but only to be unsettled by the deceiver God hypothesis, Could not an all-powerful demon make me believe those propositions are true when, as a matter of fact, they are not? The deceiver God does not succeed if the person accepts that the reality he lives in is true. However, with the rise of skepticism and questioning the veracity of whether the world we live in is accurate or not, perhaps the demon has won after all. HEALTH SERVICES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM EssayThe thoughts and feelings of a dream are real, they are the same thoughts and feelings that occur every day in the waking state. To be afraid during a dream is the same feeling experienced if . It is due to the similarities in feelings and thought between dreaming and waking, that Descartes is able to find ground for doubt, there are never any sure signs by means of which being awake can be distinguished from being asleep (1:1913). This than leads to the eternal skeptical question : How can I tell whether at this moment I am awake or asleep? (Malcolm, 1967).If we take any series of thoughts, emotions or feelings, it is possible that the same series can occur while dreaming or awake. Thus, we can never be absolutely clear on whether what we are experiencing at that exact moment in time is a dream, or that of a waking state. Though Prado (1992) insists that Descartes states in the sixth meditation, that temporal coherence allows us to decipher between the waking and dreaming states. The aim here then would be to prove that there is nothing in the waking state to confirm the accuracy of sense experience. The fact that at any given moment our current state could change drastically and render the previous state an illusion, may be enough to support his skeptical nature on thus, his second level of doubt (Williams 1991). As long as Descartes second level of doubt is accepted, we are able to continue on to his third level of doubt, or what is known as hyperbolical doubt. Descartes considers our beliefs within dreams when he says that some beliefs remain indubitable while others are swept away by imagination. Such things as the laws of physics can be broken within dreams, where other concepts such as arithmetic or geometry remain unchanged:physics, astronomy, medicine and all other disciplines which depend on the study ofcomposite things, are doubtful; while arithmetic, geometry ans other subjects of this kind,which deal only w ith the simplest and most general things, regardless of whether they reallyexist in nature or not, contain something certain and indubitable. (1:2014)He decides that certain things which are accepted universally, such as mathematics, are irrefutable. The dream hypothesis is not enough to doubt such things as mathematics, as we may be dreaming that there appears a square in front of us, but we cannot doubt our reason, such that it has four sides, or that there is only one square that we see and not two or three. He moves on to discuss the origins of our beliefs, and the role of an omnipotent God. He believes that there is a God, due to the fact that this idea of God is firmly rooted in his mind, and he also believes that this omnipotent God would not deceive him since he is supremely good. He examines the assumption that God is perfect and omnipotent, and therefore the source for all of our thoughts and ideas. Since Descartes is abandoning all of his old beliefs, this would suggest that God tried to deceive him. He wonders why such a perfect God would deceive him, and figures it must be doubtful. Cartesian Doubt7Now Descartes imagines that God is not the one who is deceiving him, but none other than a malevolent demon, who with deceitful power, implants false beliefs, I will suppose therefore that not God, who is supremely good and the source of truth, but rather some malicious demon of the utmost power and cunning has employed all his energies in order to deceive me (1:2215). When determi ning what is open to doubt, Descartes evil demon hypothesis conveniently creates a being who is omnipotent and who uses the power solely to deceive.What Descartes achieves is making problematic a host of ideas he entertains as products of reason , opposed to products of the senses, which the dream hypothesis takes care of (Prado 1992). Although L.G. Miller (1992) suggests that the propositions of mathematics survive the perception and dream arguments, but only to be unsettled by the deceiver God hypothesis, Could not an all-powerful demon make me believe those propositions are true when, as a matter of fact, they are not? The deceiver God does not succeed if the person accepts that the reality he lives in is true. However, with the rise of skepticism and questioning the veracity of whether the world we live in is accurate or not, perhaps the demon has won after all. Descartes then leaves the first meditation in a state of confusion. He knows at least how things seem to appear to him, even if he has no idea how they really are I am like a prisoner who is enjoying an imaginary freedom while asleep, he dreads being woken up, and goes along with the pleasant as long as he can(1:2315). Descartes clearly refocused metaphysical thinking into the physical world, by turning it toward the natural world. His basic structure has four uses of doubt, firstly to free us from preconceived opinions or prejudice, the second is to lead the mind away from the senses, the third use of doubt makes it impossible to have any further doubts about those things which alter such an extensive doubt and are discovered to be true, while the fourth is to provide us with an understanding of what certainty is. Descartes methodological doubt can be defined as foundationalism, which is the belief that knowledge is formed on different levels, much like an inverted pyramid. Such tha t, complex beliefs come first, then beneath that are simpler beliefs and beneath them are the simplest beliefs. Foundationalism requires not only this hierarchy effect, but also that nothing is accepted as knowledge until we know upon what it is based (Prado 1992). In summary of what the three main arguments undermine, the argument from the illusion or deceptiveness of the senses undermines ordinary sense perception. Undermining ordinary sense perception and scientific observation as well as the more theoretical parts of the physical sciences and hence these sciences as a whole is the dream hypothesis, while the deceiver God hypothesis undermines the pure mathematical sciences such as arithmetic and geometry. Descartes metaphysical doubt emphasizes purging the old falsehoods and buildings up again from the bedrock of the indubitable of our existence as thinkers. Whether or not the extensiveness of such skepticism used by Descartes is necessary, remains open for doubt. But for one to gain any knowledge what so ever, they must be capable of doubting at some point or another, rather than accepting all that they may hear. It would be extremely credulous and naive to never doubt or question it is only natural to doubt and challenge that which one does not believe, and to a certain extent, being the natural extent, it is useful and necessary, When Descartes begins to doubt in an epistemological mode, he cannot stop short of doubting whether he himself exists as a doubter (Prado 1992). . Perhaps, when the poet Charles Bukowski said the more crap you believe, the better off you are, he realized that such an extensive doubt can be harmful to the majority of people, because they are in fact better off believing in their senses, their God, and their ability to determine whether they are sleeping or awake. It is possible that it may be beneficial to live and die being deceived, and be ignorant to that deception, than to live and die searching for truth where truth may not be found, for the true determinant to whether such an extensive skepticism is beneficial or necessary depends on the individual. Neither Descartes nor Bukowski can speak for anyone other than themselves. Bibliography:

Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law. Answer: Introduction: This is to bring to your notice that with respect to the contract between the B Food Company, certain issues may arise within such contract. Since the executive of the B Company does not wish to enter into detailed or a written contract and due to shortage of time, detail discussion regarding the terms of the contract could not be discussed, certain contractual issues might arise from such obligations. The issues are discussed in details in the following paragraphs. An agreement that is enforceable at the law is termed as a contract. The Common law does not impose any restrictions on the mode of communication that is used to form contracts. Therefore, oral or verbal contracts are equally binding as the written contracts (McKendrick 2014). In order to make a valid contract it must include the following essential elements- offer, acceptance, consideration, legal intention and certainty. The absence of any of these essential elements shall render the contract unenforceable at law. An offer is the willingness of a party to enter into a contract with another person with legal intention to be legally bound by the contract. One of the issues that may arise is the issue related to the offer of the contract. To constitute an offer, the offeror must be clear and certain while communicating the terms of the contract (Poole 2016). However, due to shortage of time, the terms proposed by the A Food company could not be discussed with the B food company. Previously, both the companies did not reach an agreement with respect to the remedies for the breach of the contract; exclusivity that is, whether Company A would be allowed to contract with other distributors or whether company B would be permitted to distribute for other companies. Further, the companies did not reach to an agreement regarding the capacity of the company B to contract the subcontractors; the companys responsibility to remove debris and the adjustment of contractual price, etc. Furthermore, for a contract to be valid, the person whom the offer was made must accept the offer. An acceptance of an offer may not result in a binding contract in case the parties do not intend to become legally bound by the contract; however, if the contract is a written contract then it shall have a binding effect upon the parties to the contract (Andrews 2015). Moreover, another issue that may arise is that since the parties are intending to enter into verbal contract, the legal intention of the parties may become a hindrance in the future. One of the shortcomings of verbal contract is that the parties may fail to become legally bounded by the contract as a verbal agreement lacks binding effect and the probability that either party may deny his or her part of the obligations. In the event of a breach of contract, it would become difficult to establish the obligation of the breaching party in the absence of a written contract (Furmston 2017). Another essential element to render a contract valid and enforceable at law, it is pertinent that the parties to the contract ensure that the agreement is not uncertain and vague so that it may give rise to a binding contract. A contract may become unenforceable if the essential terms of the contract are not settled at the time of offer and acceptance, but left for future discussion without any means of ensuring agreement (Bozovic and Hadfield 2015). As both the companies have not discussed about the essential terms yet and have left such discussion for future without any means of ensuring any written agreement. The companies had only reached to an agreement regarding the exclusivity and remedies but have not been able to discuss about other essential terms of the contract such as whether the companies can distribute for other companies and contract other distributors, responsibility to remove debris and adjustments regarding the price. There is a lack of certainty regarding these essential terms and it may give rise to contractual issues. Lastly, issues related to the breach of contract might arise with respect to the verbal agreement both the companies are intending to form. Breach of a contract refers to a violation of an essential term or terms of a contract (Fried 2015). In case of a written contract, both the parties to the contract are under statutory obligation to perform or fulfill his or her part of the obligation that may arise out of the contract. In the event when either party fails or intentionally does or omits to do any act that such party was required to do or omit to do as per the terms of the contract, such party shall be said to have committed a breach of such contract. Non- performance of a contract may amount to anticipatory breach of contract. It implies that if either party to the contract communicates to the other party that he or she shall not be able or is not willing to perform his or her part of the contractual obligation, such person shall be held liable for committing anticipatory breach of contract. However, the breaching party must communicate the same prior to the date of completion of the performance of the contract (Bayern 2015). However, since oral contracts are equally valid as written contracts, therefore it is valid that the companies enter into a valid contract. Nevertheless, a verbal contract may give rise to issues in the event of breach of the contract (O'Sullivan and Hilliard 2016). Although the companies have come to an agreement regarding the remedies that the aggrieved party may become entitled to, in case of a breach, but it would be intricate for the aggrieved party to establish the commission of the breach as the breaching party may conveniently deny his part of the contractual obligation. From the above discussion, it is evident that in order to form a valid contract, it is advisable that the companies enter into written agreement so that both the companies shall become legally bound by the contract. Further, it would be convenient for the co0mpnaies to incorporate essential terms in the contract specifically and clearly which would make the contract certain and enforceable in the court of law. Reference List Andrews, N., 2015.Contract law. Cambridge University Press. Bayern, S., 2015. Offer and Acceptance in Modern Contract Law: A Needles Concept.Cal. L. Rev.,103, p.67. Bozovic, I. and Hadfield, G.K., 2015. Scaffolding: Using formal contracts to build informal relations in support of innovation. Fried, C., 2015.Contract as promise: A theory of contractual obligation. OUP Us. Furmston, M.P., 2017.Cheshire, Fifoot, and Furmston's Law of Contract. Oxford university press. McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). O'Sullivan, J. and Hilliard, J., 2016.The law of contract. Oxford University Press. Poole, J., 2016.Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press.